Understanding hearing loss

Hearing loss is a common issue that affects millions of people worldwide. It can happen to anyone at any age, and the causes can vary widely. In this article, we will explore the different types of hearing loss, the common causes and potential treatment options.

“There is often stigma around hearing loss, as many people assume it just means they are getting old and losing their faculties. Aging can be part of hearing loss, yes, but the truth is hearing loss affects people of all ages, including newborns, and occurs from a very wide range of causes, including genetic conditions, structural abnormalities in the ear and occupational exposure to loud noise.” 

–Angela Manke, AuD, Gundersen Audiology

Types of hearing loss

Understanding the different types of hearing loss is key for identifying appropriate treatment options. The three main types of hearing loss are conductive, sensorineural and mixed.

Conductive hearing loss

Conductive hearing loss occurs when there is a problem in the outer or middle ear that prevents sound from being conducted to the inner ear. Common causes include ear infections, fluid in the middle ear, earwax buildup and abnormal bone growth.

Sensorineural hearing loss

Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve. This type is often permanent and can result from aging, exposure to loud noises, certain medications and illnesses. It is the most common type of hearing loss.

Mixed hearing loss

Mixed hearing loss is a combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. It means there is damage in both the outer or middle ear and the inner ear or auditory nerve.

What causes hearing loss?

There are numerous causes of hearing loss, ranging from genetic factors to environmental influences. Read on to explore some of the most common causes.

Age-related hearing loss

Age-related hearing loss, also known as presbycusis, is a gradual loss of hearing that occurs as people get older. It is a natural part of aging and usually affects both ears equally. 

Noise-induced hearing loss

Exposure to loud noises, either suddenly or over time, can damage the hair cells in the inner ear, leading to noise-induced hearing loss. This can happen due to loud music, construction work or other noisy, high-decibel environments. Decibels (dB) are units used to measure the intensity of sound. The higher the decibel level, the louder the noise. For reference, a normal conversation typically measures about 60 dB, while a rock concert can reach up to 120 dB.  

What decibel damages hearing? 

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), sounds at or above 70 dB can start to damage your hearing if you are exposed to them for long periods. Immediate damage can occur from sounds at 120 dB or higher. For example, a chainsaw or a jet engine taking off can produce sounds around 110-140 dB, which might cause instant harm to your ears.

“Always follow the “3-feet” rule: If noise or music is affecting your ability to hear another person talking to you from three feet away, it’s too loud,” says Dr. Manke.

Genetic factors

Some people are born with genetic conditions that cause hearing loss. These conditions can be present at birth or develop later in life. Genetic hearing loss can be either conductive or sensorineural.

Infections and illnesses

Certain infections and illnesses can lead to hearing loss. For example, otitis media (middle ear infection), meningitis and mumps can cause temporary or permanent hearing loss. 

Medications

Certain medications, known as ototoxic drugs, can cause hearing loss as a side effect. These include some antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs and high doses of aspirin. It is essential to discuss potential side effects with your doctor before starting any new medications.

Traumatic injuries

Head injuries or trauma to the ear can result in hearing loss. This can occur from accidents, sports injuries or sudden changes in air pressure, such as during an airplane flight.

Signs of hearing loss: When to see an audiologist

Recognizing the signs and symptoms of hearing loss is the first step towards seeking treatment. Here are some common indicators:

• Difficulty understanding conversations, especially in noisy environments
• Frequently asking people to repeat themselves
• Turning up the volume on the TV or radio
• Ringing or buzzing in the ears (tinnitus)
• Withdrawal from social situations due to difficulty hearing

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to connect with a Gundersen audiologist for a proper diagnosis. 

Sudden hearing loss

Although uncommon, sudden hearing loss can occur, effecting one or both ears. If this happens to you, contact Gundersen Audiology immediately. Don’t wait; time is of the essence for the highest chance of restoring your hearing, and you’ll need prompt medical evaluation. Call Audiology at (608) 775-2201, or send a message to your primary care provider via MyChart if your hearing loss impairs your ability to use the phone and you are unable to have help with making a phone call.

“You do not want to miss the critical window of opportunity for addressing sudden hearing loss, which is typically the first 24 to 48 hours following its onset,” says Dr. Manke. “Seek medical help as soon as possible.”  

Treatment for hearing loss

While some types of hearing loss are permanent, there are several treatment options available to help effectively manage the condition and improve quality of life for people with impaired hearing.

Hearing aids

Hearing aids are small electronic devices that amplify sound. They are suitable for people with mild to profound hearing loss. Modern hearing aids are discreet and come with various features, such as Bluetooth connectivity and noise reduction.

Gundersen offers multiple styles of hearing aids to best suit your needs and preferences. Visit our Hearing Aids webpage for more information or call (608) 775-2201 to schedule a hearing aid consultation appointment. 

Cochlear implants

Cochlear implants are electronic devices that can provide a sense of sound to people with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. Unlike hearing aids, which amplify sound, cochlear implants bypass damaged parts of the ear and directly stimulate the auditory nerve.

Assistive listening devices

Assistive listening devices (ALDs) are tools that help people with hearing loss hear better in specific situations. Examples include amplified telephones, TV listening systems and personal FM systems.

Medications and surgery

For conductive hearing loss, medications or surgical procedures can often restore hearing. For example, antibiotics can treat ear infections, and surgery can remove earwax blockages or correct structural abnormalities in the ear.

Gundersen’s Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) doctors, also called otolaryngologists, can properly diagnose and identify the most effective treatment or procedure options for common and complex ear conditions. Visit our ENT webpage for more information or connect with an ENT provider.  

Preventing hearing loss

While not all types of hearing loss can be prevented, there are steps you can take to protect your hearing.

Protect your ears from loud noises

One of the most effective ways to prevent noise-induced hearing loss is by protecting your ears from loud sounds. Use earplugs or earmuffs in noisy environments and limit your exposure to loud music.

Maintain a healthy lifestyle 

A healthy lifestyle can contribute to overall ear health. This includes eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly and avoiding smoking, as smoking can increase the risk of hearing loss.

Schedule regular hearing check-ups

Regular hearing check-ups can help detect hearing loss early and prevent further deterioration. If you work in a noisy environment or have a family history of hearing loss, it is especially important to have your hearing tested regularly.

Understanding the causes of hearing loss and recognizing the symptoms are important steps in seeking appropriate treatment and improving your quality of life. Whether through hearing aids, cochlear implants or preventive measures, there are various ways Gundersen can help you manage and treat your hearing loss.

If you suspect you have hearing loss, connect with Gundersen Audiology for a proper diagnosis and personalized treatment plan. Early intervention can make a significant difference in maintaining your hearing health.