March, 01 2022

Arick P Sabin

The implementation of monoclonal antibody therapeutics during the COVID-19 pandemic altered the selective pressures encountered by SARS-CoV-2, raising the possibility of selection for resistant variants. Within-host viral evolution was reported in treated immunocompromised individuals but whether this signifies a real risk of onward transmission is unclear. We used a regional SARS-CoV-2 sequencing program to monitor lineages with clinically relevant variants in identified patients, which...

October, 28 2023

Victoria A Jefferson

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is an important agricultural pathogen that infects cattle and other ruminants worldwide. Though it was first sequenced and annotated over twenty years ago, the Cooper strain, used in this study, was sequenced as recently as 2012 and is currently said to encode 72 unique proteins. However, tandem mass spectrometry has identified several peptides produced during active infection that align with the BoHV-1 genome in unannotated regions. One of these abundant...

July, 24 2023

Sean R O'Neil

No abstract

March, 28 2024

Matías J Dahl

Uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) is a rare but aggressive endometrial cancer. Survival outcomes for women diagnosed with UCS remain poor with lower survival than those of endometrioid or high-grade serous uterine cancers. The histopathological hallmark of carcinosarcoma is the presence of both sarcomatous and carcinomatous elements. The survival rates for UCS have not improved for over 40 years; therefore, there is a profound need to identify new treatments. To investigate novel chemotherapy...

December, 23 2023

Kristopher A Lofgren

CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest a regulatory role for Grb7 in mammary lactational physiology.

April, 28 2022

Brandon Cieniewicz

Noncanonical NF-κB signaling is activated in B cells via the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily members CD40, lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR), and B-cell-activating factor receptor (BAFF-R). The noncanonical pathway is required at multiple stages of B cell maturation and differentiation, including the germinal center reaction. However, the role of this pathway in gammaherpesvirus latency is not well understood. Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) is a genetically tractable system used...

June, 01 2022

Arundhati Gupta

Gammaherpesviruses (GHVs) are lymphotropic tumor viruses with a biphasic infectious cycle. Lytic replication at the primary site of infection is necessary for GHVs to spread throughout the host and establish latency in distal sites. Dissemination is mediated by infected B cells that traffic hematogenously from draining lymph nodes to peripheral lymphoid organs, such as the spleen. B cells serve as the major reservoir for viral latency, and it is hypothesized that periodic reactivation from...

January, 16 2021

Jennifer M Cole

Ovarian cancer (OC) cells survive in the peritoneal cavity in a complex microenvironment composed of diverse cell types. The interaction between tumor cells and non-malignant cells is crucial to the success of the metastatic process. Macrophages activate pro-metastatic signaling pathways in ovarian cancer cells (OCCs), induce tumor angiogenesis, and orchestrate a tumor suppressive immune response by releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines. Understanding the interaction between immune cells and...

July, 22 2022

Megan E Meller

CONCLUSIONS: Prompt recognition of an infection cluster and rapid intervention efforts successfully ended the outbreak. Alongside consistent adherence to core infection prevention measures, vaccination was highly effective in reducing disease incidence and morbidity in this vulnerable population.

July, 22 2022

Megan E Meller

CONCLUSIONS: Prompt recognition of an infection cluster and rapid intervention efforts successfully ended the outbreak. Alongside consistent adherence to core infection prevention measures, vaccination was highly effective in reducing disease incidence and morbidity in this vulnerable population.

August, 10 2021

Bridget L Pfaff

CONCLUSIONS: With high community prevalence, epidemiological data alone is insufficient to deem a case cluster an outbreak. Cluster evaluation with genomic data, when available with a short turn-around time, can play an important role in infection prevention and control response programs.

September, 16 2022

Kristopher A Lofgren

Amphiregulin is a transmembrane protein which, when cleaved by the TACE/ADAM17 protease, releases a soluble epidermal growth factor receptor ligand domain that promotes proliferation of normal and malignant cells. We previously described a rabbit monoclonal antibody, GMF-1A3, that selectively recognizes the cell-associated cleaved amphiregulin epitope. Antibody-drug conjugates had anti-tumor activity against human breast cancer xenografts. Several tumor types express amphiregulin, but evidence...

December, 17 2020

Austin Boucher

Macrophages are critical for regulating inflammatory responses. Environmental signals polarize macrophages to either a proinflammatory (M1) state or an anti-inflammatory (M2) state. We observed that the microRNA (miRNA) cluster mirn23a, coding for miRs-23a, -27a, and -24-2, regulates mouse macrophage polarization. Gene expression analysis of mirn23a-deficient myeloid progenitors revealed a decrease in TLR and IFN signaling. Mirn23a ^(-/-) bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) have an...

September, 25 2023

Kyle R Smith

Herpesviruses are large double-stranded DNA viruses that encode core replication proteins and accessory factors involved in nucleotide metabolism and DNA repair. Mammalian uracil-DNA glycosylases (UNG) excise deleterious uracil residues from their genomic DNA. Each herpesvirus UNG studied to date has demonstrated conservation of the enzymatic function to excise uracil residues from DNA. We previously reported that a murine gammaherpesvirus (MHV68) with a stop codon in ORF46 (ORF46.stop) that...

July, 03 2023

Kyle R Smith

Herpesviruses are large double-stranded DNA viruses that encode core replication proteins and accessory factors involved in nucleotide metabolism and DNA repair. Mammalian Uracil-DNA glycosylases (UNG) excise deleterious uracil residues from their genomic DNA. Each herpesvirus UNG studied to date has demonstrated conservation of the enzymatic function to excise uracil residues from DNA. We previously reported that a murine gammaherpesvirus (MHV68) with a stop codon in ORF46 (ORF46.stop) that...